Bigger: Native son :: essays research papers

Bigger: A real threat?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theme that Native Son author Richard Wright puts in this story is that the white community makes Bigger act the way he does, that through the communities actions, Bigger does all the things he is accused of doing. The theme that I present is that Bigger only acts the way that he did because of the influences that the white community has had on him accepted by everyone. When Bigger gets the acceptance and love he has always wanted, he acts like he does not know what to do, because really, he does not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Native Son, Bigger uses his instincts and acts like the white people around him have formed him to act. They way that he has been formed to act is to not trust anyone. Bigger gets the acceptance and love he wanted from Mary and Jan, but he still hates them and when they try to really get to know him, he ends up hurting them. He is scared of them simply because he has never experienced these feelings before, and it brings attention to him fro m himself and others. Once Bigger accidentally kills Mary, he feels for the first time in his life that he is a person and that he has done something that somebody will recognize, but unfortunately it is murder. When Mrs. Dalton walks in and is about to tell Mary good night, Bigger becomes scared stiff with fear that he will be caught committing a crime, let alone rape. If Mrs. Dalton finds out he is in there he will be caught so he tries to cover it up and accidentally kills Mary. The police ask why he did not just tell Mrs. Dalton that he was in the room, Bigger replies and says he was filled with so much fear that he did not know what else to do and that he did not mean to kill Mary. He was so scared of getting caught or doing something wrong that he just tried to cover it up. This is one of the things that white people have been teaching him since he can remember. The white people have been teaching him to just cover things up by how the whites act to the blacks. If a white man does something bad to a black man the white man just covers it up a little and everything goes back to normal.

JetBlue Airways Corporation Essay

JetBlue Airways Corporation was formed in August 1998 as a low-fare, low-cost but high service passenger airline serving select United States market. JetBlue’s operations strategy was designed to achieve a low cost, whilst offering customers a pleasing and differentiated flying experience. JetBlue has had a successful business model and strong financial results during that period, and performed well in comparison to other airline companies in the US during the period between 2000 and 2003. It had been the only other airline apart from Southwest airlines, to have been profitable during the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks on World Trade Center, and at a time when the entire airline industry was experiencing losses. The core of JetBlue’s strategy was low operating cost achieved through a smaller and more productive workforce; utilizing aircraft efficiently; better use of technology to achieve lower distribution cost i.e. use of electronic ticket as against paper ticket; use of brand new single model planes that reduced maintenance costs and training costs at the same time. However, moving into the growth phase, JetBlue was contemplating expansion with the introduction of a new model of planes, i.e. Embraer E190, that are smaller than the A320s that they were using. These planes were to be utilized for penetrating mid-size cities and also during off-peak times on existing routes. The company defined these markets as destination with 100 to 600 local passengers per day each way, compared to the much larger markets that the company was serving with its A320s. This had potential implications for its low-cost strategy. Jetblue’s expansion required investments in areas other than just new aircraft. Owen needed to decide how to raise additional capital to fund the  company’s growth. Investment bankers had presented two financing proposals; a new public equity offering and a private placement of convertible debentures. Own needed to decide which proposal, if any, to recommend to the board. QUESTION 1 PART A In early 2003, JetBlue continue to see opportunity to grow by adding both new market and new flight to existing destination. One of such new market where the company believed there was attractive opportunity was the mid-sized market segment which comprised of destinations with 100 – 600 local passengers per day each way. To accommodate this growth, the company is seeking to purchase 65 new Airbus A320, with an option to buy additional 50 new aircraft, and also committed to purchase 100 Embraer E190 aircraft, with the option to purchase 100 additional ones. Jetblue had embarked on a $6.8 billion plane acquisition program that would increase its aircraft fleet from 45 to 252, including existing aircraft purchase commitment. The company needs thus to think about a way to finance those acquisitions, as well as other needed investments such as spare parts, new engines, additional hangars and a flight training centre JOHN OWEN THE CFO OF JETBLUE IS TRYING TO DECIDE WHICH OF TWO FINANCING PROPOSALS (NEW PUBLIC EQUITY OFFERING AND A PRIVATE PLACEMENT OF CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURE) TO PURSUE. A straight equity issue will dilute his principal shareholders’ ownership, but favored a conservative capital structure that would help to ensure JetBlue’s financial flexibility, access to capital and a favorable lending rate. On the other hand, a convertible debt alternative seems less dilutive, and cheaper, but brings with it an increased risk of default and financial problems. PART B The financing decision taken by the CFO is important because of the positive impact it is expected to have on the current and future performance of the JetBlue. The considerations as regards impact of the financing decision are discussed; IMPACT ON CURRENT PERFORMANCE OF THE COMPANY It is expected that the new capital would ease Jetblue’s ability to finance its short term obligations as JetBlue does not have a line of credit, or short-term borrowing facility. Therefore, the company depends on its operating cash flow to finance its short-term obligations The new capital will be required to finance working capital requirement of Jetblue, Working capital is the short term resources that are used to manage the business on a daily basis. This is otherwise referred to as current asset. The financing decision which is aimed at securing the purchase of the new 100-seat Embraer E190 aircraft would allow JetBlue to enter smaller markets while maintaining low operating costs, and increase flight frequency on existing routes. The low fares offered by JetBlue would allow it to attract new passengers who might otherwise not fly. Earnings from this market segment is expected to contribute to the profitability and positive financial performance of the company IMPACT ON FUTURE PERFORMANCE OF THE COMPANY The additional capital is expected to strengthen the company’s balance sheet at a time when JetBlue will be shouldering a significant amount of debt related to new aircraft deliveries. The decision on financing method would result in a strong capital structure for Jetblue which would ensure that the company would continue to grow while avoiding financial problems. The new cash inflow which is directed at ensuring JetBlue achieves its expansion activities. It is expected that the company will be in a position to purchase larger volumes of jet fuel and would thus have more leverage in procuring fuel than today. The company will thus suffer relatively less from fuel shortages and the negative impact a rise in fuel has an operating income QUESTION 2 PART A John Owen the CFO of JetBlue generally favored a conservative capital structure. A conservative funding strategy is when a firm finances both its seasonal and permanent requirement with long term debt. The criteria which John Owen used to evaluate his decision on the appropriate capital structure and mode of financing to support the expansion drive of the business are; FINANCIAL FLEXIBILITY: This refers to the firm’s ability to take advantage of unforeseen opportunities or their ability to deal with expected events depending on the firm’s financial policies and financial structure. A firm with a high debt obligation and weak solvency and liquidity is not financially flexible. FAVORABLE LENDING RATE: The lending rate to a business varies directly with the risk associated with any given financial structure which can be accessed by leverage analysis. It is expected that a higher leverage (as a result of accepting debt offering) tends to amplify a firm’s predictable business swings i.e. associated risk. This inclines to increase lending rate to the firm and ultimately result in an unfavorable lending rate. CONTROL: The financing scheme of a company can imply changes in control constrains on the firm, this can be indicated by percentage distribution of share ownership and structure of debt covenant. There is a high chance that the board of directors will not favor the equity offering as they were  sensitive about the dilution (i.e. control dilution) that an equity offering would cause to existing shareholders. INCOME: This compares financing tactics on the basis of their effect on value creation and distribution i.e. the impact on Earnings per share (EPS) and Return on equity (ROE). The debt option limited the ability of Jetblue to manage one of the airline’s principal risk; rising fuel prices. As discussed above, the debt offering afforded Jetblue less financial flexibility. If fuel prices rose unexpectedly, operating income will decline thus hurting JetBlue’s ability to meet the additional debt service payments. PART B Other criteria John Owen could use to evaluate his decision on the appropriate capital structure and mode of financing are; Timing: This considers whether the current capital market environment is the right time to implement any alternative financial structure and what the implication for future financing will be if the proposed structure is adopted. Financial market condition often favour one or another kind of financing. Others: This is the consideration of the impact of the alternative financing choice on other issues and vice versa. An example is the ability to use collateral to reduce the costs and risk of debt financing and the effect of various financing tactics on the liquidity of investment. REASONS WHY JOHN OWEN SHOULD PROPOSE THE EQUITY FINANCING OPTION From the above analysis, it can be deduced that using equity financing option minimizes the company’s weighted average cost of capital, thus maximizes the overall stock price of the company and the shareholders’ wealth. The NPV of the company is higher under the equity financing option JetBlue, as any airline company has a debt to equity ratio of 61.21% and incurs very high fixed costs as a result of high value operating property and equipment. An equity offering would increase the financial flexibility of the company. The company has a very high operating leverage as a result of variability in fuel price. This exposes the company to the risk of cash flow projections errors in case it does not meet the projected revenues figures. Any variation in the estimated revenues, might lead the company to a position where it could not meet its financial obligations related to debt. From this point of view, JetBlue needs to secure its cash flows. This can be achieved using equity financing. The lending rate to a business varies directly with the risk associated with any given financial structure which can be accessed by leverage analysis. Issuing equity will reduce the leverage of business and reduce lending rate. PART C Other financing option I would like to recommend to the board and John Owen are; JetBlue can consider some other alternatives as well. Indeed, the company can issue some preferred stock. This stock might be considered as equity in accounting, to strengthen the balance sheet of the company, but will at the same time accommodate the board members’ concern about dilution. Another alternative might be the issuance of simple corporate bonds. The coupon rate for those will however be higher than the 3.5% of the convertible bonds. This option will thus cost more for JetBlue than convertible bonds QUESTION 4 PART A Aviation fuel cost is the second largest operating cost in the airline industry after payroll, this has significant impact on operating and financing risks of a company. IMPACT ON OPERATING RISK: In 2002, JetBlue’s fuel cost amounted to $76 million or 14.4% of operating cost. In the event that fuel prices rises, there will be a significant drop in operating income and higher exposure to operating risk (risk created by operating leverage). Operating leverage is the magnification of the top half of the income statement, it measures how EBIT changes in response to changes  in sale, and the relevant cost is the fixed cost of operating the business. It is expected that as operating leverage increase due to jet fuel increase, the operating risk of the business likewise increases. IMPACT ON FINANCING RISK In the event that jet fuel rises, it is expected that operating profit will drop and operating leverage would increase. This will also hurt JetBlue’s ability to meet the additional debt service payment i.e. it may face risk of default or potential financial loss which is known as financial risk. Financing risk is the risk associated with financing and its created by financial leverage. Financial leverage is the magnification of the bottom half of the income statement, it measures how EPS (earnings per share) changes in response to changes in sale, and the relevant cost is the fixed cost of financing, in particular interest. PART B The operating and financing risk exposure of JetBlue through rising fuel price of JetBlue has being managed in the past through hedging 75% of its fuel using a combination of CALL OPTIONS, SWAPS AND COLLARS hedging instrument. PART C HEDGING: Fuel hedging is a contractual tool some large fuel consuming companies such as airlines (JetBlue) use to reduce their expose to volatile and potentially rising fuel cost. A fuel hedge contract allows a large fuel consuming company to lock in the cost of future fuel purchase, allowing an increasing number of airlines to avoid surprises from unforeseen cost fluctuations. The hedging could be done via a commodity swap or option. One of the basic reasons why a company enters into hedging contract is to mitigate their exposure to future fuel prices that may be higher than current prices and/or  to establish a known fuel cost for budgeting and predictability of earnings. PRINCIPAL WAYS JETBLUE HAS BEING USING HEDGING TO MANAGE FUEL PRICING RISK: Jetblue is a small airline which had less leverage in procuring large volume of jet fuel in order to mitigate risk of volatility or shortage of jet fuel. In order to mitigate fuel pricing risk, Jetblue used a combination of fuel call option, swaps and collars hedging instrument. From time to time Jetblue has simply bought call options which tend to be at least $5 per barrel. HOW THE HEDGING INSTRUMENT WORKS The hedging instrument mostly used by JetBlue is the call option. CALL OPTION: This is a financial contract between two parties, the buyer and the seller of this type of option. The buyer of the option has the right but not the obligation to buy an agreed quantity of a particular commodity (jet fuel) from the seller of the option at a certain time (the expiration date for European call option or at any time during the life of the option for American call option) for a certain price (the strike price). The seller is obligated to sell the commodity (jet fuel) or financial instrument should the buyer so decide. The buyer pays a fee called a premium for this right. In the case JetBlue, the premium it pays is at least $5 per barrel. SWAPS: Swaps are tailor made futures contract whereby an airline exchanges payment at a future date (which can be in jet aviation fuel and could be further into the future into the future than possible through commodity exchanges), based on the fuel or oil price. There could be an arrangement with a supplier such as Air BP. The airline would buy a swap for a period of say one year at a certain strike price for a specified amount of jet fuel per month. The average price for that month is then compared with the strike price, and if it exceeds it the counter-party would pay the airline the difference times the amount of fuel. However, if it were lower, then the airline would pay the difference. They lock in a given price, as with forward contacts. COLLARS: This is a combination of a call and a put option. The call protects the holder from adverse price increases above its strike price, at a cost of the option premium that would be paid in any event. The holder of this call also writes a put option that limits the advantage it can take of price reduction below its strike price. The total cost of taking the two options is the call option premium paid less the put option premium received. A collar limits the speculative risk to a small range of price moves and locks in the price that will be paid for fuel between two known values.

Legal Ethical Issues with Advertising and Online Counseling

Since the end of World War 2, the technology one sees around them and uses everyday has grown exponentially. In the field of counseling, phones, fax machines, copiers, and computers are all used to run everyday operations and transfer information. Despite how great technology can be, ethical issues can arise because of it. For example, talking on the phone with a client in a crisis situation can create a condition in which confidentiality can be breeched. (McMinn, 1999). One new way in which technology has been used to extend the services of the counseling field is through online counseling. According to Corey (2011), online counseling can be beneficial because some consumers want brief and anonymous therapy, some clients who are†¦show more content†¦LaCombe’s online counseling business and advertising. The first ethical issue with this online counseling venture is the fact that it is labeled as an online counseling program for people in crisis, but one does not need to provide their name to get therapy. This breaks two ethical codes found in the American Counseling Association’s Code of Ethics (2005). The first one is ACA: A.1.a which cites that as a counselor, one is responsible for the welfare of the client’s and promoting that welfare. The second one is A.12.c which states that counselors should avoid using technology assisted counseling services when it would be better or more appropriate to use face to face services (ACA, 2005). If a suicidal individual goes on Dr. LaCombe’s site and let’s their online therapist know, how is said therapist supposed to get that individual help if they do not know their name? In addition, it may be more appropriate to help people in crisis in person as opposed to over the internet. 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They do so to prevent decay, prevent loss of firmness and shape, to retain tasteRead Moreintermediate accounting 2 test bank Essay8318 Words   |  34 PagesAccounting Information Systems Hall 6 Accounting Information Systems Hall 7 Accounting Information Systems Hurt 1 Accounting Information Systems Romney 10 Accounting Information Systems Romney 11 Accounting Information Systems Basic Concepts Current Issues Hurt 2 Accounting Principles Weygandt 8 Accounting Principles Weygandt 9 Accounting Tools for Business Decision Making Kimmel 3 Accounting, Chapter 1-23 Horngren 8 Administrative Law Bureaucracy in a Democracy Hall 4 Adolescence Steinberg 8

How Mountains Form Through Plate Tectonics

The Earth is made up of layers of rock and minerals. The surface of the Earth is called the crust. Just below the crust is the upper mantle. The upper mantle, like the crust, is relatively hard and solid.  The crust and upper mantle together are called the lithosphere. While the lithosphere doesnt flow like lava, it can change. This happens when gigantic plates of rock, called tectonic plates, move and shift. Tectonic plates can collide, separate, or slide along one another. When this occurs, the Earths surface experiences earthquakes, volcanoes, and other major events. Orogeny: Mountains Created by Plate Tectonics Orogeny (or-ROJ-eny), or orogenesis, is the building of continental mountains by plate-tectonic processes that squeeze the lithosphere. It may also refer to a specific episode of orogeny during the geologic past. Even though tall mountain peaks from ancient orogenies may erode away, the exposed roots of those ancient mountains show the same orogenic structures that are detected beneath modern mountain ranges.   Plate Tectonics and Orogeny In classical plate tectonics, plates interact in exactly three different ways: they push together (converge), pull apart, or slide past each other. Orogeny is limited to convergent plate interactions—in other words, orogeny occurs when tectonic plates collide.  The long regions of deformed rocks created by orogenies are called orogenic belts, or orogens. In actuality, plate tectonics is not at all that simple. Large areas of the continents can deform in blends of convergent and transform motion, or in diffused ways that do not give distinct borders between plates. Orogens can be bent and altered by later events, or severed by plate breakups. The discovery and analysis of orogens is an important part of historical geology and a way to explore plate-tectonic interactions of the past that do not occur today. Orogenic belts can form from the collision of an oceanic and continental plate or the collision of two continental plates. There are quite a few ongoing orogenies and several ancient ones that have left long-lasting impressions on the Earths surface.   Ongoing Orogenies   The Mediterranean Ridge  is the result of the African plate subducting (sliding) underneath the Eurasian plate and other smaller microplates. If it continues, it will eventually form extremely high mountains in the Mediterranean.  The Andean Orogeny  has been occurring for the past 200 million years, although the Andes have only arisen in the past 65 million years. The orogeny is the result of the Nazca plate subducting underneath the South American plate.  The Himalayan Orogeny  started as the Indian subcontinent began moving towards the Asian plate 71 million years ago. The collision between the plates, which is still ongoing, has created the largest landform of the past 500 million years—the combined Tibetan Plateau and Himalayan Mountain range. These landforms, along with the Sierra Nevada range of North America, may have induced a global cooling around 40 million years ago. As more rock is lifted to the surface, more carbon dioxide is sequestered from the atmosp here to chemically weather it, thus decreasing Earths natural greenhouse effect.   Major Ancient Orogenies   The Alleghanian Orogeny  (325 million years ago) was the most recent of several major orogenies to help form the Appalachian Mountains. It was the result of a collision between ancestral North America and Africa  and resulted in the supercontinent of Pangea.  The Alpine Orogeny  began in the Late Cenozoic and created mountain chains on the African, Eurasian and Arabian plates. Although the orogeny ceased in Europe within the past few million years, the Alps continue to grow.

Without Sanctuary Lynching Photography in America Assignment

Essays on Without Sanctuary: Lynching Photography in America Assignment The paper "Without Sanctuary: Lynching Photography in America" is a great example of an assignment on history. The lynching which occurred in the U.S., which Without Sanctuary examines, occurred mostly in the Southern s like Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana, Georgia and Alabama. These events mostly took place between the years 1882 and 1968. The events would have been extremely traumatic for African American families of the time. The effect of the lynchings would have been compounded by the fact that there were photographs and souvenirs available of the events, which would have featured family members of the families of the victims. Psychologically, this type of event would have caused fear in the African American community, and it would be difficult to carry out normal daily tasks if affected by such fear. Being unable to leave the house for fear of falling victim to these groups would have made living a normal life possible. Additionally, lynchings would also have caused some anger in the African American community, as they were being unnecessarily targeted by racist groups through no fault of their own. The images tell an interesting story of the legal system in America during this time. The fact that these events were so commonplace, and were being broadcast so publically in the form of these photographs, means that the legal system would have understood that this was going on but there was very little fear of the law for these groups. It seems important that these events are discussed as part of American history in schools, despite the fact that it may be disturbing for some people, particularly the images. It is important to remember that racism existed in such an outward way in the U.S. as little as 50 years ago, and these murders were being carried out on the African American community in the public eye. It also helps people to understand more the history of race relations in the U.S., which is important for building a better future.

The Great Water Debate Free Essays

The Great Water Debate Canada is a country that is well known for being a global competitor due to its vast natural resources. However, the trade of some resources has been a subject of argument for many years; specifically water. It is a well-known fact that Canada has a fifth of the world’s fresh water resources. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Water Debate or any similar topic only for you Order Now Making Canada the target of many global and domestic arguments ranging from â€Å"No Way! † to â€Å"Without any doubt, certainly! Beyond personal opinion, there is also the issue of whether, under the terms of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), water is a â€Å"vital resource† like the air we breathe, or a â€Å"commodity† to be sold and traded. No matter the personal opinion of the people, the federal government usually has the last say, however, in this case, the decision is down to the provincial governments. â€Å"There is a voluntary provincial ban on bulk exports, but any province could break it any time, and would it not withstand a NAFTA challenge† . However, Canada does still trade water but not in the expected manner. Canada sells water in containers (no larger than 30 liters) to other countries. There are a lot of advantages to exporting Canadian water in bulk. â€Å"Canada has only a half percent of the world’s population but it holds one-fifth of the planet’s freshwater supply† . A big thing to consider is about 7%-9% of the fresh water is renewable, this means that even though Canadians have the second highest water usage in the world, they still have an excess amount of water left over. This is water that if commoditized, could turn Canada’s economy around. Resulting in a huge profit for the government which can help support Canada’s public healthcare system or even cut the country’s taxes. These are all the advantages of treating water as a commodity, allowing the selling and trading of it internationally. However, there are huge disadvantages to trading Canadian water internationally in bulk which in my opinion easily out weight the advantages offered in this situation. One thing to consider is that Water is not only a need by human being but by all living things the ecosystem. If Canadian lakes’ waters are to be decreased by simply an inch, it can affect hundreds of living things and cause chaos to the natural order of things. Therefore, it is clear that it will be harmful for the environment. Second thing to consider is that the cost of transporting water internationally may be over-whelming for the government and might not worth it. The price that the water would be sold at once it reaches the target country might be under the total cost of transportation or just barely over, resulting in it not being a good investment at all. Thirdly, in contrary to popular belief, only 1 per cent of water in the Great Lakes is renewable; leading me into the next point that â€Å"Once it’s gone, it’s gone†. Water is a finite resource. Exporting water at bulk permanently will result in even more Lakes drying up than already, due to the climate change. Lastly, at some time in the near future, water bankruptcy around the world will result. A United Nations study that says by the year 2025 – less than 25 years – two-thirds of the world will be â€Å"water-poor. † If Canada manages to conserve its resources of fresh water till the much dreaded year of 2025. Canada can be making many times the profit that they would be currently making if they were to export all their water now. With all the given points, it seems quite clear that reserving Canada’s water for the future is an intelligent and environmentally friendly decision. There is also another aspect to consider when making the decision of whether selling Canada’s water internationally is a good idea or not. That is the ethical issue of selling water. â€Å"Water is an essential need, a public trust, not a commodity. It belongs to everyone and to no one. – Canadian Environmental Law Association. Without water, no human being or any living creature in fact would live longer than a couple of days. By putting a price tag on water, Canada would be allowing the rich to enjoy an excess amount of water and purchase at will while the poor will have to die of thirst throughout the world. Another aspect to consider is, as previously stated, the killing of many living orga nisms that live and use the lake’s fresh water. By removing water from the lakes, Canada would cause a global rage and hatred towards itself by activists around the world. As previously stated, my personal point of view is that Canada should not sell its water internationally; at least, not yet. Water is not a commodity to be bought and sold. Bulk water exports will not address the issues of water scarcity. Allowing water to be traded as an export would create a market system that would determine access to water by ability to pay. Considering these points, I still do not believe that it should be banned; instead, it should be saved for a great profit opportunity for the future when water becomes as valuable as the oil in middle east. By: Amir Sheidaei How to cite The Great Water Debate, Essay examples

Business Ethics Ethical Decision Making Method

Question: Discuss about the Business Ethics for Ethical Decision Making Method. Answer: Introduction: The Doing ethics technique (DET), case scenario implies that before three years as an IT consultant Diana started working professionally by consulting her own business. In order to enrich her business she considered many business perspectives and ethical aspects at the same time. Currently, Dianas business has many employees, who are working to increase the business efficiency. They are working for the other clients of her business. After becoming a well known developer she got a contract for developing a database management system for a medium sized organization. While developing DBMS for the business organization she needs to consider different ethical aspects. Before building the DBMS for the medium scale organization, ICT security are also considered by Dina but the CEO refuses to agree that the security measures ar considered. After gaining measurable success in the competitive marketplace, Diana got contract from a medium sized organization, to build a database management system for their business organization. The database management system will be designed for their personnel office and thus she considered all the data that are going to be stored in the data storage as sensitive. In order to monitor or track the progress of the Database Management System appropriately, she consulted with the director of computing and also with the director of personnel. As after implementation of this project it has been found that the system is exceeding the estimated budget and thus the company is focusing on the security measures more than anything else. Diana was very much confidence about her development factors but the CEO was confused. Before making final decision for their developed database management system, the ethical and non-ethical issues associated to the system are needed to be considered by the management authority. She considered all the information as sensitive enough. According to the CEO of the organization, the database system lacks the in-build security measures while developing the system. If the system lacks security then after involvement of the system with the existing medium sized business the data stored in the database will be easily hijacked by those users who are working on the client machine. This is not at all safe for the organizational perspectives. If the personnel information including the performance evaluation, medical record, insurance details, salary or pay-scales are revealed in front of unauthorized clients then it will be termed as a non-ethical issue. After explaining the risks of the system that might occur after its real world application the CEO refuses to accept the system , this is an ethical issue. In this case scenario, neither the clients nor the service providers are directly affected with this ethical and non-ethical considered issues. However, according to the CEO of the computing company, if unauthorized clients get access of the data from the storage then they will misuse those data. Even they will also be able to figure out different ways through which the data could be accessed by the users effectively from the data storage. Though, Diana considered all the security measures of database management system but still the CEO rejected the system and pointed it out as risky system where one of the sensitive data stored are secured enough from the external attackers. It has been found that the system cost much, than the estimated budget or in other words the budget had been overflowed after its real world implementation. Thus the development team including Diana and other project team members were affected. At the same time the medium sized organization also affected because Diana fails to deliver the database management on the required time. The main ethical issue is that, after explain the risks to the CEO, he refuses to accept that system and pointed it as a less secured system and also considered that this system cannot not be used in the real application. The computing director and the personnel director both considered the database system as ales secured one. The CEO suggested to Diana to build a secured system for the medium sized organization. However, it was not possible that, after utilizing so much time over the development of the database, again to put the same concentration and money for redevelopment. In order to overcome this challenge, Diana should incorporate the risks management standard to her developed system. In order to mitigate these ethical issues, Diana should include certain security measures such as integrity, basic security, continuity, and proper utility of the ICT system (Prosek, Holm, 2014). As this is referred to as a much beneficial contract for Dianas business, thus, she must not disappoint them instead of that she must incorporate certain additional both ethical and non-ethical security measures. In order to resolve the security oriented issue, the system development team can involve training and development programs for their existing project team members. On the other hand, in order to mitigate the security risks those are thought to be occurred encryption technology with symmetric private key can also be included. In addition to this, authentication measures can also be implemented (Prinsloo Slade, 2013). If the database management system incorporates the authentication technique, then, only the authenticated users will be able to access the data and none of the external hackers or unauthenticated user will be able to access the data from the server. Among all these given options the best or most suitable option for the database management system is incorporation of encryption algorithm to the database server that has been developed for the medium sized organization. Encryption is referred to as the most effective security measures because after implementation of this system none of the external attacker will be able to access the sensitive and personnel data from the server (Slade Prinsloo, 2013). Not only this but also it will serve data backup, application resilience and disaster recovery at the same time. References Belfort, M. A., Shamshirsaz, A. A., Whitehead, W. E., Ball, R., Silver, R., Ruano, R., ... Chervenak, F. (2016). Unusual pleuroamniotic shunt complication managed using a two?port in?CO2 fetoscopic technique: technical and ethical considerations.Ultrasound in Obstetrics Gynecology,47(1), 123-124. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Galliers, R. D., Leidner, D. E. (2014).Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Moreno, M., Goniu, N., Moreno, P., Diekema, D. (2016). 10 Ethical and Regulatory Considerations For Social Media Research.THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SOCIAL NETWORKING, 116. Prinsloo, P., Slade, S. (2013, April). An evaluation of policy frameworks for addressing ethical considerations in learning analytics. InProceedings of the Third International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge(pp. 240-244). ACM. Prosek, E. A., Holm, J. M. (2014). Counselors and the military: When protocol and ethics conflict.The Professional Counselor,4(2), 93-102. Slade, S., Prinsloo, P. (2013). Learning analytics: Ethical issues and dilemmas.American Behavioral Scientist,57(10), 1510-1529. Watt-Watson, J., Peter, E., Clark, A. J., Dewar, A., Hadjistavropoulos, T., Morley-Forster, P., ... Campbell-Yeo, M. (2013). The ethics of Canadian entry-to-practice pain competencies: How are we doing?.Pain Research and Management,18(1), 25-32.